Description
Introduction
Cancer remains a major public health problem in Kenya, with 44,726 new cases and 29,317 deaths in 2022, yet diagnostic services remain limited and fragmented. Infrastructure gaps, shortages of specialized personnel, and recurrent stockouts of essential reagents compromise the quality and timeliness of diagnosis. This assessment mapped diagnostic capacity across referral hospitals and identified priority gaps for strengthening cancer care.
Methods
In 2023, a diagnostic capacity needs assessment was co-developed by the National Cancer Control Program and BIO Ventures for Global Health. Data were collected from 10 county and national referral hospitals through structured assessments, staff interviews, and equipment audits. The pathology and radiology review focused on equipment availability, reagents, and workforce training needs.
Results
All facilities undertook cytology and H&E staining, while 70% (7/10) offered core needle and excision biopsies. Bone marrow pathology was unavailable in 30% (3/10) of facilities, and 40% (4/10) prioritized training in bone marrow aspiration and trephine procedures. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was functional in 30% (3/10). Molecular diagnostics were available in 20% (2/10) but constrained by reagent shortages, also reported by 50% (5/10) of facilities with stockouts lasting one week to six months. Flow cytometry was performed in 20% (2/10), though 40% (4/10) listed it as a service expansion priority. Radiology capacity was skewed: ultrasound and X-ray were available in 100% (10/10), but functional CT and MRI were present in only 40% (4/10). PET and nuclear medicine were absent across all sites. Equipment breakdowns, lack of maintenance, and limited digital imaging further constrained diagnostics.
Conclusion
Kenya’s cancer diagnostic capacity remains inadequate, with critical gaps in specialized pathology (IHC, molecular, flow cytometry), advanced imaging, reagent supply chains, and workforce training. Addressing these challenges requires targeted investments in training, technology, and reliable supply systems to ensure equitable and timely cancer diagnosis.
| Country | Kenya |
|---|---|
| Organization | Government of Kenya |
| Received a Grant? | No |
